What is the name given to the elements in Group 1 of the periodic table?

• A. Alkali metals
• B. Noble gases
• C. Halogens
• D. Transition metals

Answer: (A)

Group 1 elements are alkali metals. They have one electron in their outer shell, so they readily lose that electron to form a +1 ion, which makes them extremely reactive—especially with water. When they react with water, they form alkaline hydroxides and hydrogen gas. They are soft metals with low density and low melting points, and they’re stored under oil to prevent reacting with air or moisture. This combination of a single outer electron, tendency to form +1 ions, and strong reactivity with water defines them as alkali metals. The other options don’t fit Group 1: noble gases are inert gases, halogens are reactive nonmetals in a different group, and transition metals occupy the middle block with multiple oxidation states.